Print Bookmark

David HOWELL

Male 1676 - 1756  (79 years)


Chart width:      Refresh

Timeline



 
 
 




   Date  Event(s)
1676 
  • 1676: Compton Census, named after its initiator Henry Compton, Bishop of London, was intended to discover the number of Anglican conformists, Roman Catholic recusants and Protestant dissenters in England and Wales from enquiries made in individual parishes
1677 
  • 1677: Lee's "Collection of Names of Merchants in London" published
1678 
  • 1678: Extension of Test Act to peers
1679 
  • 1679: Tories first so named
  • 27 May 1679: Habeas Corpus Act becomes law in England – (later repealed from time to time)
1680 
  • 1680: William Dockwra(y) begins his London Penny Post
  • 1680: Dodo becomes extinct in Mauritius through over-hunting
1681 
  • 1681: Second Test Act (against non-conformists) passed by Westminster Parliament
  • 1681: Oil lighting first used in London streets
1682 
  • 1682: Pennsylvania founded by William Penn
  • 1682: Library of Advocates founded in Edinburgh – later National Library of Scotland
  • 1682: Halley observes the comet which bears his name
1683 
  • 1683: Wild boar become extinct in Britain
  • 6 Jun 1683: Ashmolean Museum opened at Oxford – first museum in Britain
1685 
  • 1685: James the Second (1685-1689, died 1701) – Monmouth rebellion and battle of Sedgemoor – British Army raised to 20,000 men
  • 1685: Earl of Argyll's Invasion of Scotland
  • 1685: Judge Jeffreys and the Bloody Assizes – 320 executed, 800 transported
10 1686 
  • 1686: Release of all prisoners held for their religious beliefs
11 1687 
  • 4 Apr 1687: James II issues the Declaration of Indulgence, suspending laws against Catholics and non-conformists
  • 5 Jul 1687: Newton published his "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" – written in Latin
12 1688 
  • 1688: British Army raised to 40,000
  • 1688: Bill of Rights limits the powers of the monarchy over parliament
  • 1688: Hearth Tax abolished
  • 1688: Mutiny Act
  • Feb 1688: Edward Lloyd's Coffee House opens – later became Lloyd's of London
  • Nov 1688: The Glorious Revolution: James II abdicates
  • 5 Nov 1688: William of Orange lands at Torbay
  • Dec 1688: Siege of Londonderry (began Dec 1688; ended 28 Jul 1689)
13 1689 
  • 1689: Devonport naval dockyard established
  • 13 Feb 1689: William III and Mary II, daughter of James II, jointly take the throne (only William, however, has regal power)
  • 12 Mar 1689: Deposed James VII & II flees to Ireland – defeated at the Battle of the Boyne (1 Jul 1690)
  • 24 May 1689: Toleration Act passed for Protestant non-conformists
  • 27 Jul 1689: Battle of Killiecrankie in Scotland – Jacobites defeated Government troops but at high cost
  • 16 Dec 1689: Bill of Rights passed by Parliament, ending King's divine right to raise taxes or wage war
14 1690 
  • 20 May 1690: England passes Act of Grace, forgiving Roman Catholic followers of James II
15 1692 
  • 1692: Land Tax introduced – originally designed as an annual tax on personal estate, public offices and land. For practical purposes, however, assessors tended to avoid assessing items of wealth other than landed property so that it became known as the Land Tax.
  • 1692: French intention to invade England came to nothing
  • 13 Feb 1692: The massacre of Glencoe – Clan Campbell sides with King William and murders members of Clan McDonald
16 1693 
  • 4 Aug 1693: Date traditionally ascribed to Dom Pierre Pérignon 's invention of Champagne
17 1694 
  • 1694: National Debt came into effect in England
  • 1694: Stamp Duties introduced into Britain from Holland
  • 1694: Mary II death leaves William III as sole ruler
  • 1694: Triennial Act, new Parliamentary elections every three years
  • 1694: Scotland: Poll Tax imposed on all over sixteen, except the destitute and insane (-1699)
  • 27 Jul 1694: Bank of England founded by William Paterson (a Scot)
18 1695 
  • 1695: Freedom of Press in England granted
  • 1695: Bank of Scotland founded
  • 1695: Act of Parliament imposes a fine on all who fail to inform the parish minister of the birth of a child (repealed 1706)
  • 1695: Start of "Dissenters" lists in parish registers – children born but not christened in the parish church – some were named "Papist" and others "Protestants"
19 1697 
  • 2 Dec 1697: Official opening of St Paul's Cathedral
20 1698 
  • 1698: Invention of steam engine by Capt Thomas Savery
  • 1698: Darien Expedition: a disastrous attempt to establish a Scots settlement in Panama
  • 1698: Duties (taxes) on entries in parish registers – repealed after five years
  • 4 Jan 1698: Most of the Palace of Whitehall in London destroyed by fire
  • 14 Nov 1698: Eddystone Lighthouse (Henry Winstanley's) first lit; completed 10 days earlier
21 1700 
  • 1700: Population in England and Scotland approx 7.5 million
22 1701 
  • 1701: Act of Settlement bars Catholics from the British throne
  • 23 May 1701: After being convicted of piracy and murdering William Moore, Captain William Kidd hanged in London
23 1702 
  • 8 Mar 1702: Anne Stuart becomes Queen
  • 11 Mar 1702: First English daily newspaper The Daily Courant (till 1735)
24 1703 
  • 4 Aug 1703: British take Gibraltar
  • 24 Nov 1703: Climate: Most violent storms of the millennium cause vast damage across southern England – about a third of Britain's merchant fleet lost, and Eddystone lighthouse destroyed on 27 November (Nov 24 - Dec 2)
25 1704 
  • 1704: Penal Code enacted – Catholics barred from voting, education and the military
  • 13 Aug 1704: Battle of Blenheim
26 1705 
  • 1705: First workable steam pumping engine devised by Thomas Newcomen (some say c1710 or 1711)
  • 1705: Isaac Newton knighted (for his work at the Royal Mint)
27 1706 
  • 1706: First evening newspaper "The Evening Post" issued in London
28 1707 
  • 16 Jan 1707: Union with Scotland – Scots agree to send 16 peers and 45 MPs to English Parliament in return for full trading privileges – Scottish Parliament meets for the last time in March
  • 1 May 1707: English and Scottish Parliaments united by an Act of the English Parliament – The Kingdom of Great Britain established – largest free-trade area in Europe at the time
29 1708 
  • 1708: First Jacobite rising in Scotland
  • 1708: Earliest Artillery Muster Rolls
30 1709 
  • 1709: Second Eddystone lighthouse completed
  • 1709: First Copyright Act pass
  • 1709: Bad harvests throughout Europe – bread riots in Britain
  • 2 Feb 1709: Alexander Selkirk rescued from shipwreck on a desert island, inspiring the book Robinson Crusoe (published in 1719) by Daniel Defoe
31 1710 
  • 1710: Tax on Apprentice Indentures introduced
32 1711 
  • 1711: Incorporation of South Sea Company, in London
  • 11 Aug 1711: First race meeting at Ascot
33 1712 
  • 1712: Imposition of Soap Tax (abolished 1853)
  • 1712: Last trial for witchcraft in England (Jane Wenham)
  • 1712: Toleration Act passed – first relief to non-Anglicans
34 1713 
  • 1713: By this year there are some 3,000 coffee houses in London
35 1714 
  • 1714: Longitude Act: prize of £20,000 offered to the inventor of a workable method of determining a ship's longitude (won by John Harrison in 1773 for his chronometer).
  • 1714: Schism Act, prevents Dissenters from being schoolmasters in England
  • 1714: Landholders forced to take the Oath of Allegiance and renounce Roman Catholicism
  • 1 Aug 1714: Queen Anne Stuart dies – George I Hanover becomes king (1714-1727).
36 1715 
  • 1715: Second Jacobite rebellion in Scotland, under the Old Pretender ('The Fifteen')
  • 1 Aug 1715: Riot Act passed
37 1716 
  • 1716: The Septennial Act of Britain leads to greater electoral corruption – general elections now to be held once every 7 years instead of every 3 (until 1911)
  • 1716: Climate: Thames frozen so solid that a spring tide lifted the ice bodily 13ft without interrupting the frost fair
38 1717 
  • 1717: First Masonic Lodge opens in London
  • 1717: Value of the golden guinea fixed at 21 shillings
39 1719 
  • 1719: Third abortive Jacobite rising
40 1720 
  • 1720: South Sea Bubble, a stock-market crash on Exchange Alley – government assumes control of National Debt
  • 1720: Manufacturing towns start to increase in population – rise of new wealth
  • 1720: Wallpaper becomes fashionable in England
41 1721 
  • 2 Apr 1721: Robert Walpole (Whig) becomes first Prime Minister (to 1742)
42 1722 
  • 1722: Last trial for witchcraft in Scotland
  • 1722: Knatchbull's Act, poor laws
43 1723 
  • 1723: Excise tax levied for coffee, tea, and chocolate
  • 1723: The Waltham Black Acts add 50 capital offences to the penal code – people could be sentenced to death for theft and poaching – repealed in 1827
  • 1723: The Workhouse Act or Test – to get relief, a poor person has to enter Workhouse
44 1724 
  • 1724: Rapid growth of gin drinking in England
  • 1724: Longman's founded (Britain's oldest publishing house)
45 1726 
  • 1726: First circulating library opened in Edinburgh
  • 1726: Invention of the chronometer by John Harrison
46 1727 
  • 1727: Board of Manufacturers established in Scotland
  • 11 Jun 1727: George I dies – George II Hanover becomes king
47 1729 
  • 9 Nov 1729: Treaty of Seville signed between Britain, France and Spain – Britain maintained control of Port Mahon and Gibraltar
48 1730 
  • 1730: Irish famine
49 1731 
  • 1731: Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull [others say 1701]
  • 1731: Invention of sextant by John Hadley
50 1732 
  • 7 Dec 1732: Covent Garden Opera House opens
51 1733 
  • 1733: Excise crisis: Sir Robert Walpole wanted to add excise tax to tobacco and wine – Pulteney and Bolingbroke oppose the excise tax
  • 1733: Law forbidding the use of Latin in parish registers generally obeyed – some continued in Latin for a few years
  • 1733: John Kay invents the flying shuttle, revolutionised the weaving industry
52 1734 
  • 1734: Kent's Directory published
53 1737 
  • 1737: Licensing Act restricts the number of London theatres and subects plays to censorship of the Lord Chamberlain (till 1950s)
54 1738 
  • 24 May 1738: John Wesley has his conversion experience
55 1739 
  • 1739: Wesley and Whitefield commence great Methodist revival
  • 7 Apr 1739: Dick Turpin, highwayman, hanged at York
  • 23 Oct 1739: War of Jenkins' Ear starts: Robert Walpole reluctantly declares war on Spain
56 1741 
  • 1741: Benjamin Ingham founded the Moravian Methodists or Inghamites – Earliest Moravian registers
57 1742 
  • 1742: England goes to war with Spain – incited by William Pitt the Elder (Earl of Chatham) for the sake of trade
58 1743 
  • 16 Jun 1743: (June 27 in Gregorian calendar): Battle of Dettingen – last time a British sovereign (George II) led troops in battle
59 1744 
  • 1744: Tune 'God Save the King' makes its appearance
60 1745 
  • 1745: Jacobite rebellion in Scotland ('The Forty-five')
  • 19 Aug 1745: Bonnie Prince Charlie (The Young Pretender) lands in the western Highlands – raises support among Episcopalian and Catholic clans – The Pretender's army invades Perth, Edinburgh, and England as far as Derby
61 1746 
  • 16 Apr 1746: Battle of Culloden – last battle fought in Britain – 5,000 Highlanders routed by the Duke of Cumberland and 9,000 loyalists Scots – Young Pretender Charles flees to Continent, ending Jacobite hopes forever – the wearing of the kilt prohibited
62 1747 
  • 1747: Abolition of Heritable Jurisdictions in Scotland
  • 1747: Act for Pacification of the Highlands
63 1749 
  • 27 Apr 1749: First performance of Handel's Music for the Royal Fireworks (in Green Park, London)
64 1750 
  • Feb 1750: Series of earthquakes in London and the Home Counties cause panic with predictions of an apocalypse (Feb/Mar)
  • 16 Nov 1750: Original Westminster Bridge opened (replaced in 1862 due to subsidence)
65 1751 
  • Mar 1751: Chesterfield's Calendar Act passed – royal assent to the bill was given on 22 May 1751 – decision to adopt Gregorian Calendar in 1752: "In and throughout all his Majesty's Dominions and Countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, belonging or subject to the Crown of Great Britain, the said Supputation, according to which the Year of Useful dates in British history 03/01/2009 12:12 our Lord beginneth on the 25th Day of March, shall not be made use of from and after the last Day of December 1751; and that the first Day of January next following the said last Day of December shall be reckoned, taken, deemed and accounted to be the first Day of the Year of our Lord 1752"
66 1752 
  • 1752: Benjamin Franklin invents the lightning conductor
  • 1 Jan 1752: Beginning of the year 1752 [Scotland had adopted January as the start of the year in 1600, and some other countries in Europe had adopted the Gregorian calendar as early as 1582]
  • 3 Sep 1752: Julian Calendar dropped and Gregorian Calendar adopted in England and Scotland, making this Sep 14
67 1753 
  • 1753: Private collection of Sir Hans Sloane forms the basis of the British Museum
  • 1 May 1753: Publication of "Species Plantarum" by Linnaeus, and the formal start date of plant taxonomy
68 1754 
  • 1754: Hardwicke Act (1753): Banns to be called, and Printed Marriage Register forms to be used – Quakers & Jews exempt
  • 1754: In the General Election, the Cow Inn at Haslemere, Surrey caused a national scandal by subdividing the freehold to create eight votes instead of one
  • 1754: First British troops not belonging to the East India Company despatched to India
69 1755 
  • 1755: Publication of "Dictionary of the English Language" by Dr Samuel Johnson
  • 1755: Period of canal construction began in Britain (till 1827)
  • 2 Dec 1755: Second Eddystone Lighthouse destroyed by fire
70 1756 
  • 15 May 1756: The Seven Years War with France (Pitt's trade war) begins
  • Jun 1756: Black Hole of Calcutta – 146 Britons imprisoned, most die according to British sources